This is also the case of the ungulate bone splin- carbon dates and cultural remains is particularly problematic. In ters dated in Lezetxiki IIIb. After from Ermitons level VI Table 3.
This date has All samples were freeze-dried prior to combustion. Therefore, ABA dates from this site would be expected to automatic device Aerts et al. This is Since , the 14C dates can now be calibrated for the complete the case with the two dates from level IV of Ermitons dating range. However, Hua et al. Twenty-three El Esquilleu Cave is the site that has provided most dates for did not produce results due to a lack of collagen or some other Mousterian layers and exhibits a particularly complex dating defect.
Mig Cave is the only site that could not be dated. Therefore, pattern. From a chronological point of view, two different ensem- there are 48 new 14C dates 31 carried out in the Oxford laboratory bles should be distinguished in the stratigraphy. In some levels, they are in the chronological range expected for their respective archaeo- appreciably older than the previously available dates.
This is the logical assemblages. It sp. The sample and were obtained using the ABA and PO treatment rest of the anomalous dates deserve further discussion on a case- methods. Another fraction from the same sample treated using the by-case basis. This explanation for these anomalies, although other possible causes supports the conclusion that the ABOx-SC method removes must also be scrutinized.
The process of analysing a minimum of 40 contamination more effectively than other methods and yields further samples is ongoing, and this number is anticipated to therefore older results. L: Longin improved for bone collagen extraction; C: apatite carbonate fraction ; A: acid only samples too delicate for full ABA.
Various coarse indicators of sample quality are given. The three samples come from the same stalagmite sheet. Sample is the purest and most trustworthy in age. The routinely young obtained from other sites and within a broader regional context. This is particularly the by these dates will deserve further attention. In addition, one sample was dated from the Europe. Llona et al. The lithic assemblages of these On the other hand, dates from Evolved Aurignacian levels are as layers have been characterized as Mousterian.
The lithic assem- expected. In the context of a particularly expedient technical behav- gnacian assemblage at other sites. Retouched artefacts are scarce, but tool inventories are one, but the difference is smaller in this case. There is no chronology for this level. Discussion and conclusions b These assemblages correspond to an atypical Upper Palae- olithic facies.
This is particu- samples for dating, and even different dating methods, do not help larly the case with those layers that provide inconsistent dates or in clarifying the chronological context in this complicated period.
Maximum is inconsistent with the regional context. Current dating, In this discussion, priority is given to the 14C dates presented in including most of the dates presented in this paper except El this paper over the 14C dating carried out in the past. There are two Esquilleu, suggests a chronology of around 39e38 ka 14C BP for the fundamental reasons for this.
First, these readings have been end of the Mousterian in Northern Iberia. However, the chronology of the Early Upper remain extremely young. For example, Aurignacian, although this late stage of the Aurignacian sequence the Late Gravettian assemblages or Lagar Velho, dated to ca.
In the case of Arbreda, 21e22 ka 14C BP, are characterized by the dominance of expedient this is the most reliable date so far obtained for this cultural horizon. Evidence of contamination has not been detected, and Thus, the early arrival of the Aurignacian on the Iberian Penin- the 13C values indicate that the dates are accurate.
A certain period of contemporaneity of the two Mallol et al. As pointed out by Pinhasi et al. Upper Palaeolithic techno-complexes.
Even taking all precautions in features. In such technical contexts, attribution to the Middle implementing the sampling, it must be accepted that not all the Palaeolithic is often based exclusively on the absence of blades or results will be accurate and that various dates must be carried out typical Upper Palaeolithic tools. Since these assemblages may be on each level in order to be able to assess the results with minimum the expression of an expedient technical behaviour, the existence of guarantees.
In larly scrutinized and additional effort should be made in order to addition, interpretation should be especially cautious with small test them with more dates. This caution is especially appropriate assemblages in which the absence of diagnostic Upper Palaeolithic remembering that these dates are close to the maximum range of tools may be a statistical artefact. For example, the lowermost radiocarbon dating. We the beginning of the Aurignacian of Covalejos might be earlier than are also very grateful to Mary Stiner and one anonymous reviewer previously thought.
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